References ========== Model Development ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The HydroRaVENS model is described on the Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS) model page: * `CSDMS Model Page: HydroRaVENS `_ Snowpack and Rain-on-Snow ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hock, R. (2003). Temperature index melt modelling in mountain areas. *Journal of Hydrology*, 282(1-4), 104--115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00257-9 McCabe, G. J., Hay, L. E., & Clark, M. P. (2007). Rain-on-snow events in the western United States. *Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society*, 88(3), 319--328. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-3-319 Würzer, S., Jonas, T., Wever, N., & Lehning, M. (2016). Influence of initial snowpack properties on runoff formation during rain-on-snow events. *Journal of Hydrometeorology*, 17(6), 1801--1815. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0181.1 Frozen Ground ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dunne, T., & Black, R. D. (1971). Runoff processes during snowmelt. *Water Resources Research*, 7(5), 1160--1172. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR007i005p01160 Molnau, M., & Bissell, V. C. (1983). A continuous frozen ground index for flood forecasting. *Proceedings of the 51st Annual Western Snow Conference*, pp. 109--119. https://westernsnowconference.org/bibliography/1983Molnau.pdf (Original source for the continuous frozen ground index formulation, including the exponential snow-depth insulation factor.) Shanley, J. B., & Chalmers, A. (1999). The effect of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff at Sleepers River, Vermont. *Hydrological Processes*, 13(12--13), 1843--1857. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<1843::AID-HYP879>3.0.CO;2-G Evapotranspiration ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). *Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements.* FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/x0490e/x0490e00.htm (Equations 2--4 used for photoperiod computation in the Thornthwaite--Chang method.) Camargo, A. P., Marin, F. R., Sentelhas, P. C., & Picini, A. G. (1999). Adjust of the Thornthwaite's method to estimate the potential evapotranspiration for arid and superhumid climates based on daily temperature amplitude. *Revista Brasileira de Agrometeorologia*, 7(2), 251--257. (Source for the k = 0.72 coefficient for monthly ET₀.) Chang, X., Wang, S., Gao, Z., Luo, Y., & Chen, H. (2019). Forecast of daily reference evapotranspiration using a modified daily Thornthwaite equation and temperature forecasts. *Irrigation and Drainage*, 68(2), 297--317. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2309 Pereira, A. R., & Pruitt, W. O. (2004). Adaptation of the Thom and Oliver evaporation equation to daily totals. *Agricultural and Forest Meteorology*, 124(1-2), 26--32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.005 Reservoir Cascade Structure ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bergström, S. (1976). *Development and Application of a Conceptual Runoff Model for Scandinavian Catchments.* SMHI Report RHO 7. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping. (Original HBV model; multi-component runoff cascade structure.) Channel Routing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Nash, J. E. (1957). The form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph. *IAHS Publication*, 45, 114--121. (Original source for the N-reservoir Nash cascade and its gamma IUH.) Dooge, J. C. I. (1959). A general theory of the unit hydrograph. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 64(2), 241--256. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i002p00241 Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., & Valdés, J. B. (1979). The geomorphologic structure of hydrologic response. *Water Resources Research*, 15(6), 1409--1420. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01409 Model Calibration and Evaluation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Eckhardt, K. (2005). How to construct recursive digital baseflow separation filters: A discussion of two alternative filtering approaches. *Hydrological Processes*, 19(2), 507--515. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5675 Yilmaz, K. K., Gupta, H. V., & Wagener, T. (2008). A process-based diagnostic approach to model evaluation: Application to the NWS distributed hydrological model. *Water Resources Research*, 44(9), W09417. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006716 (Basis for the ``KGE_logKGE`` composite metric: no single efficiency measure captures both high- and low-flow behaviour.) Gupta, H. V., Kling, H., Yilmaz, K. K., & Martinez, G. F. (2009). Decomposition of the mean squared error and NSE: Implications for improving hydrological modelling. *Journal of Hydrology*, 377(1-2), 80--91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.003 Nash, J. E., & Sutcliffe, J. V. (1970). River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I -- A discussion of principles. *Journal of Hydrology*, 10(3), 282--290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6 Software ~~~~~~~~ Harris, C. R., et al. (2020). Array programming with NumPy. *Nature*, 585, 357--362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2 McKinney, W. (2010). Data structures for statistical computing in Python. In *Proceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference* (Vol. 445, pp. 56--61). External Resources ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * `CSDMS: Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System `_ * `USGS Water Resources `_